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Types Of Doctorates
<336x280> Research Doctorates. These doctorates are typically rewarded for a body of academic research publishable in a peer-reviewed academic journal. Candidates submit a substantial amount of original research, usually in the form of a single thesis or dissertation but occasionally as a portfolio of shorter projects. A panel of examiners assesses the research and usually delivers an oral exam. In the U.S., there is usually a formal course component as well; in other countries, the research is typically independent. Research doctorates can be awarded in a wide range of subjects and are usually indicated by the title “Doctor” and the abbreviation “Ph.D.” A Ph.D is typically required for teaching positions at the undergraduate and graduate level. Professional Doctorates. These credentials are given to candidates in certain professions where the goal is practice, not research—common examples include law, medicine, veterinary medicine, and pharmacy. These degrees can take as much as four years to earn, not including required residency or apprenticeship periods and the passing of a licensing exam such as the Boards (for doctors) or the Bar (for lawyers). Abbreviations vary by profession; a professional doctorate in medicine is expressed as “M.D.” and one in law is “J.D.,” for example. <468x60>
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